Urology

Urology covers a wide range of conditions that can affect people of all ages. The most common urological disorders include:

• Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): These are infections caused by bacteria, often presenting with symptoms such as a burning sensation during urination, frequent urination, and cloudy urine.

• Kidney Stones (Nephrolithiasis): Hard deposits formed by minerals and salts accumulating in the kidneys. They can cause severe flank pain, blood in the urine, and nausea. Treatment varies depending on the size and location of the stone.

• Prostate Conditions (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia - BPH): A common condition in aging men where the prostate gland enlarges and compresses the urethra. It can lead to difficulty urinating, frequent urination, and nocturia (urination at night).

• Prostate Cancer: One of the most common cancers in men. It usually causes no symptoms in its early stages. Regular prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing and digital rectal examination (DRE) are essential for early detection.

• Bladder Cancer: A malignant tumor forming in the inner lining of the bladder, often presenting as painless blood in the urine. Smoking is a major risk factor.

• Bladder Stones: Hard mineral deposits formed in the bladder, often due to incomplete bladder emptying. They can range from the size of a grain of sand to several centimeters.

• Testicular Cancer: A type of cancer more commonly seen in younger men, typically presenting as a painless lump in the testicle. Early detection and treatment result in high cure rates.

• Kidney Cancer: A malignant tumor that develops in the kidney tissue. Symptoms may include flank pain, blood in the urine, and a palpable abdominal mass.

• Urinary Incontinence: The involuntary loss of urine. It includes:

  • Stress Incontinence: Leakage during coughing or sneezing.

  • Urge Incontinence: Sudden, intense urge to urinate.

  • Mixed Incontinence: A combination of both stress and urge incontinence.

• Erectile Dysfunction (ED): The inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for sexual activity. Causes can be both physical and psychological.

• Premature Ejaculation: Ejaculation that occurs sooner than desired during sexual activity. It can negatively affect sexual satisfaction for both partners.

• Infertility: Defined as the inability to achieve pregnancy after one year of regular, unprotected intercourse. Male-related infertility is a key focus area in urology.

• Hydrocele: Accumulation of fluid around the testicle, typically causing a painless swelling in the scrotum.

• Varicocele: Enlargement and twisting of the veins within the scrotum, which may cause infertility or testicular pain.

• Urethritis: Inflammation of the urethra, often caused by sexually transmitted infections.

• Cystitis: Inflammation of the bladder, often due to infections but can also result from other causes.

• Peyronie’s Disease: A condition characterized by the formation of fibrous plaques in the penis, leading to curvature and pain during erections.

• Hypospadias and Epispadias: Congenital conditions where the opening of the urethra is not in the usual location on the penis. These are corrected with surgical intervention.

• Urethral Stricture: Narrowing of the urethra due to injury, infection, or inflammation, causing difficulty in urination. Treatment may involve dilation or surgical procedures.

• Male Reproductive System Disorders: These include various issues such as erectile dysfunction, infertility, testicular disorders, and penile curvature. All fall within the scope of urological expertise.

Accurate diagnosis of urological conditions is crucial for creating effective treatment plans. At our clinic, we provide a comprehensive evaluation using the most advanced diagnostic tools and the expertise of our specialist physicians:

• Urinalysis and Urine Culture

• PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) Test

• Kidney Function Tests

  • Creatinine

  • BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)

  • Electrolytes

• Ultrasonography (USG)

• Color Doppler Ultrasonography

• X-Ray Imaging

  • Plain Abdominal Radiograph (KUB X-Ray)

• Computed Tomography (CT)

  • Contrast-Enhanced CT Scan

• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

  • Multiparametric MRI

• Intravenous Pyelography (IVP)

• Cystoscopy

  • Flexible Cystoscopy

• Urodynamic Testing

  • Cystometry

  • Uroflowmetry

  • Electromyography (EMG)

• Biopsy

• Semen Analysis (Spermiogram)

• Digital Rectal Examination (DRE)

The treatment of urological conditions depends on the type and stage of the disease, the patient’s overall health status, and individual preferences.

At our clinic, the following treatment methods are commonly applied:

• Medication Therapy (Pharmacotherapy):
  Use of prescribed medications to manage or treat various urological conditions.

• Lifestyle Modifications:
  Dietary adjustments, adequate fluid intake, regular physical activity, and weight management are important components of urological care. Smoking cessation also plays a significant role in improving outcomes.

• Physical Therapy:
  For urinary incontinence, pelvic floor muscle training such as Kegel exercises and biofeedback techniques can be highly effective.

• Psychological Counseling and Sexual Therapy:
  Psychological factors are often involved in conditions such as erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation. In such cases, individual or couples therapy may offer significant benefit.

With advances in technology, urological surgery has become increasingly less invasive. At our clinic, we offer a variety of surgical and interventional treatments, including:

• Open Surgery

• Laparoscopic Surgery

• Robotic Surgery

• Endoscopic Surgery

• TUR (Transurethral Resection)

• TUR-P (Transurethral Resection of the Prostate)

• TUR-M (Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor)

• HoLEP (Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate)

• Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PNL)

• Ureteroscopy (URS)

• Ureteroscopic Stone Surgery

• Flexible Ureteroscopy

• Radical Prostatectomy

• Radical Cystectomy

• Nephrectomy

• Partial Nephrectomy

• Orchiectomy

• Varicocelectomy

• Microsurgical Varicocelectomy

• Hydrocelectomy

• Pyeloplasty

• Ureterolithotomy

• Procedures Under Cystoscopic Guidance

• Urethral Dilation

• Ureteral Stent Placement

• Urinary Incontinence Surgeries

• TOT (Transobturator Tape)

• TVT (Tension-free Vaginal Tape)

• Sacral Nerve Stimulation

• Peyronie’s Disease Surgery

• Hypospadias Repair

• Epispadias Repair

• Penile Prosthesis Implantation for Erectile Dysfunction

• Penile Prosthesis

• Surgical Treatments for Male Infertility

• Vasoepididymostomy

• Vasovasostomy

• TESE (Testicular Sperm Extraction)

• Micro-TESE (Microsurgical Testicular Sperm Extraction)

• Laser Prostate Surgery

Some urological conditions can be treated using interventional methods without the need for surgery:

• ESWL (Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy)

• Ureteral Stent Placement

• Intraprostatic Injections

• Botulinum Toxin Injection

• Microwave Thermotherapy

• Radiofrequency Ablation