Rheumatoid Arthritis: Symptoms and Treatment

At A Life Health Group, we prioritize your joint health and aim to inform you about common joint disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis. In this article, we will examine in detail everything you need to know about rheumatoid arthritis, commonly referred to as "joint rheumatism."

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes pain, swelling, and stiffness in the joints. It occurs when the immune system attacks the body’s own tissues and usually affects small joints such as the hands, feet, and wrists. Over time, rheumatoid arthritis can lead to joint damage and deformity. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment are important to slow disease progression and maintain quality of life.

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that begins with inflammation of the synovium, the membrane surrounding the joints. This inflammation causes joint pain, swelling, stiffness, and restricted movement. Over time, the inflammation can damage the joint cartilage and bone, leading to joint damage and deformity.

Rheumatoid arthritis can affect people of all ages, but it is most commonly seen between the ages of 30 and 50. It occurs more frequently in women than in men. Although the exact causes of the disease are not fully known, genetic factors, environmental factors, and immune system dysfunction may play a role.

The symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis can vary depending on the stage and severity of the disease.

Early Stage Symptoms:

• Joint pain and stiffness: One of the most common signs of rheumatoid arthritis is joint pain and stiffness, especially in the mornings or after periods of inactivity. Pain and stiffness are usually felt on both sides of the body.
• Joint swelling: Inflammation can cause swelling in the affected joints.
• Joint tenderness: Affected joints may feel tender and painful when touched.
• Fatigue and weakness: Rheumatoid arthritis can cause widespread inflammation, leading to fatigue and weakness.
• Fever and loss of appetite: Some patients may experience fever and decreased appetite.

Advanced Stage Symptoms:

• Joint deformity: Over time, joint damage and deformity may develop, causing the joints to lose their normal shape and restricting movement.
• Loss of joint function: Joint damage and deformities can make daily activities difficult.
• Involvement of other organs and systems: Rheumatoid arthritis can affect not only the joints but also other organs and systems, including the eyes, lungs, heart, blood vessels, and nervous system.

The exact causes of rheumatoid arthritis are not fully understood. However, genetic factors, environmental influences, and immune system dysfunction can play a role in the development of the disease.

Risk Factors:

• Genetic predisposition: Individuals with a family history of rheumatoid arthritis have a higher risk of developing the disease.
• Gender: Women are more likely to develop rheumatoid arthritis than men.
• Age: While it can occur at any age, it most commonly appears between 30 and 50 years old.
• Smoking: Smoking increases the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis and can worsen the disease course.
• Infections: Certain viral and bacterial infections may trigger rheumatoid arthritis.
• Hormonal factors: Changes in estrogen levels may play a role in the development of rheumatoid arthritis.
• Environmental factors: Exposure to substances like silica dust can increase the risk of rheumatoid arthritis.

The diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis is made through medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and imaging methods.

Diagnostic Methods:

• Medical history and physical examination: Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and examine your joints.
• Blood tests: Inflammatory markers such as rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-CCP antibodies, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) are measured.
• Imaging methods: X-rays, ultrasound, or MRI may be used to assess joint damage.

The goal of rheumatoid arthritis treatment is to control pain and inflammation, prevent joint damage, and improve patients' quality of life. Treatment varies depending on the stage and severity of the disease.

Treatment Methods:

• Medications:
  • Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): Used to reduce pain and inflammation.
  • Corticosteroids: Used for rapid reduction of inflammation.
  • Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs): Slow the progression of the disease and prevent joint damage.
  • Biologic agents: Target the immune system to reduce inflammation.
• Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation:
  • Physical therapy and rehabilitation help maintain joint mobility, increase muscle strength, and improve functional capacity.
• Surgery:
  • For patients with severe joint damage and deformity, joint replacement or other surgical procedures may be necessary.
  • Alternative Therapies:
  • Acupuncture, massage, and yoga may help alleviate symptoms in some patients.
• Lifestyle Changes:
  • Healthy diet, regular exercise, stress management, and quitting smoking can improve disease progression and enhance quality of life.

Since rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic condition, treatment continues lifelong. However, with appropriate therapy and lifestyle changes, symptoms can be managed, allowing patients to lead active and productive lives.

Recommendations for People Living with Rheumatoid Arthritis:

• Follow your treatment plan: Take medications as prescribed by your doctor and do not miss treatment appointments.
• Exercise regularly: Engage in regular exercise to maintain joint mobility and increase muscle strength. Your doctor or physical therapist can recommend suitable exercises.
• Maintain a healthy diet: Eating a balanced and nutritious diet helps meet your body’s needs and may reduce inflammation.
• Manage stress: Stress can worsen rheumatoid arthritis symptoms. Practices like yoga, meditation, and other relaxation techniques can help manage stress.
• Join support groups: Connecting with others living with rheumatoid arthritis and sharing experiences can provide emotional support.

1. Can rheumatoid arthritis be cured?
   Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic condition and cannot be completely cured. However, early diagnosis and treatment can slow disease progression and help control symptoms.

2. Is rheumatoid arthritis contagious?
   No, rheumatoid arthritis is not contagious.

3. Is rheumatoid arthritis genetic?
   Yes, rheumatoid arthritis has a genetic predisposition. People with a family history of rheumatoid arthritis are at a higher risk of developing the disease.

4. Which doctor should I see for rheumatoid arthritis?
   You should consult a rheumatologist. Rheumatologists are specialists in rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic diseases.

5. Where can I find more information about rheumatoid arthritis?
   You can find more information on the A Life Health Groupwebsite or other reliable health sources. Additionally, you can discuss rheumatoid arthritis and its possible causes with your doctor.

A Life Health Group prioritizes your joint health and provides the latest technologies and personalized approaches in the diagnosis and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other joint disorders. Our rheumatology specialists will guide you in managing your condition and maintaining your quality of life. You can schedule an appointment or get information by visiting our website or contacting us via our phone numbers.

Stay healthy!