Internal Medicine is a broad medical field that focuses on the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of a wide range of diseases in adults that can be managed with non-surgical methods. Physicians specialized in this field (internists) play a crucial role in the evaluation and management of complex health problems that may affect multiple organ systems.
- Diabetes (Diabetes Mellitus): A chronic metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood sugar (glucose) levels. Internal medicine specialists play an important role in managing various types of diabetes such as Type 1, Type 2, and gestational diabetes, controlling blood sugar levels, and preventing long-term complications of diabetes.
Thyroid Diseases: The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate the metabolic rate. Thyroid conditions such as goiter (enlargement of the thyroid gland), hyperthyroidism (excess hormone production), and hypothyroidism (insufficient hormone production) can significantly affect body functions.
Adrenal (Suprarenal Gland) Diseases: The adrenal glands secrete hormones that control stress response, blood pressure regulation, and many other important functions. Diseases of these glands (e.g., Cushing's syndrome, Addison's disease) can lead to hormonal imbalances and various symptoms.
Pituitary Gland Diseases: Located in the brain, the pituitary gland secretes hormones that regulate the functioning of other endocrine glands and control fundamental processes such as growth and reproduction. Pituitary adenomas (tumors in the pituitary gland) and other pituitary disorders can cause hormonal imbalances.
Metabolic Diseases: This group includes conditions characterized by coexisting metabolic risk factors such as abdominal obesity, hypertension, high blood sugar, and abnormal cholesterol levels, as seen in metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of heart disease, diabetes, and stroke.
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