Anemia: Causes, Symptoms & Treatments

Anemia is a condition that occurs when the number of red blood cells in the blood falls below normal. This leads to insufficient oxygen transport to the body. Anemia can arise from various causes. The main causes are:

1. Iron Deficiency: The most common cause of anemia. Insufficient iron intake prevents the body from producing enough healthy red blood cells.
2. Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid Deficiency: A lack of these vitamins can hinder the healthy production of red blood cells.
3. Chronic Diseases: Kidney diseases, cancer, diabetes, and other chronic illnesses can lead to anemia.
4. Bleeding: Prolonged stomach bleeding, menstrual bleeding, or trauma can cause anemia.
5. Genetic Factors: Genetic disorders such as sickle cell anemia and thalassemia can also result in anemia.
6. Bone Marrow Problems: The bone marrow may not produce enough red blood cells. This can be caused by leukemia or other bone marrow diseases.
7. Kidney Failure: Insufficient production of erythropoietin by the kidneys can reduce red blood cell production.

Anemia manifests with various symptoms due to oxygen deficiency in the body. Common symptoms may include:

• Fatigue and weakness

• Pale skin

• Shortness of breath

• Dizziness or headache

• Rapid tiring

• Cold hands and feet

• Low blood pressure

• Palpitations or irregular heartbeat

• Difficulty concentrating

The treatment of anemia varies depending on its cause. Common treatment methods include:

1. Iron Supplementation: In iron deficiency anemia, treatment is provided with iron supplements. Iron tablets or intravenous iron therapy may be used.

2. Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid Supplementation: In anemias caused by vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency, supplementation of these vitamins is administered.

3. Blood Transfusion: Severe anemia cases may require blood transfusion.

4. Chemotherapy or Immunotherapy: In anemias caused by cancer or bone marrow disorders, treatment of the underlying disease may be necessary.

5. Surgical Intervention: If there is bleeding in the stomach or intestines, surgical intervention may be required.

6. Chronic Disease Management: Chronic diseases causing anemia (e.g., kidney disease) can be treated to manage anemia.

Anemia treatment focuses on the underlying cause and personalized treatment plans are created. The doctor determines the treatment process according to the patient’s condition.