What Is Lipase?

It is a vital enzyme responsible for breaking down fats in our digestive system. Produced primarily by the pancreas, this enzyme allows fats to be broken down into their basic components—fatty acids and glycerol.
The lipase enzyme can also be produced in the cells of the stomach, liver, and small intestine. However, the most intensive production and secretion occur in the pancreas. Therefore, lipase levels can provide insight into the health status of the pancreas.

The main function of lipase is to convert digested fats into a form that the body can utilize. During the digestive process, bile acids, which support lipase enzymes, first dissolve fat molecules. Then, lipase takes action—breaking down fats and converting them into energy.

The main functions of lipase in the body are as follows:

• Digestion of fats: It helps break down triglycerides into fatty acids.
• Energy production: The broken-down fats are used as an energy source in the body.
• Contribution to intestinal health: It facilitates fat absorption and helps maintain balance in the small intestine.
• Contribution to cell regeneration: Fatty acids contribute to structural integrity by forming part of cell membranes.

The enzyme is primarily produced by the pancreas. However, small amounts can also be produced in digestive organs such as the stomach, intestines, and liver. Lipase levels are an important test indicator in the diagnosis of pancreatic diseases. In particular, if amylase and lipase levels are elevated together, this may indicate severe inflammation in the pancreas.

The normal value of lipase may vary depending on the laboratory performing the test, but it is generally considered to be within the following range:

• Normal range: 10 – 140 U/L
• High level: Above 140 U/L
• Low level: Below 10 U/L

The exact answer to the question “What should the lipase level be?” may vary depending on age, gender, and laboratory criteria. Therefore, it is essential to consult a specialist when interpreting the results.

It is generally seen as a sign of pancreatic disorders. This condition should not be evaluated in isolation; interpreting amylase and lipase elevation together provides a more accurate diagnosis.

What Causes High Lipase Levels?

The main factors that lead to an increase in the enzyme level in the blood include:

• Acute or chronic pancreatitis
• Gallstones or gallbladder inflammation
• Intestinal obstruction
• Peptic ulcer
• Kidney failure
• Excessive alcohol consumption
• Side effects of certain medications (such as corticosteroids, birth control pills)
• Trauma or injury to the abdominal area

High lipase levels alone do not always indicate a serious disease. However, since they are often a sign of pancreatic problems, a detailed examination should be performed.

Treatment of High Lipase Levels

Treatment depends on the underlying cause. For example, if pancreatitis is diagnosed, hospitalization, fluid therapy, and necessary medications may be required. If the elevation is due to certain medications, discontinuing or changing them may be advised. Dietary changes and complete avoidance of alcohol also play a major role in treatment.

It usually indicates that the pancreas is not functioning properly. This condition makes fat digestion difficult. Fats that are not adequately broken down are excreted in the stool, leading to symptoms such as greasy stools, weight loss, and nausea.

Causes of Low Lipase

• Chronic pancreatitis
• Pancreatic insufficiency
• Cystic fibrosis
• Severe malnutrition

When low levels are detected, the condition can be managed with lipase supplementation and a nutrition plan prescribed by a doctor.

To keep levels stable and ensure a healthy digestive system, the following steps should be taken:

• Eat a balanced and regular diet
• Avoid excessively fatty and processed foods
• Limit or completely avoid alcohol
• Exercise regularly
• Take enzyme supplements as advised by a doctor
• Get annual medical tests

Regular monitoring and evaluation, especially after the age of 40, are important for assessing enzyme levels.

The lipase test is usually performed using a blood sample taken from a vein in the arm. This test measures the amount of lipase in the blood and plays an important role in diagnosing pancreatic diseases. In some cases, a urine sample may also be requested to support the diagnosis. Fasting may be required before the test, so it is important to follow your doctor’s instructions carefully.

The lipase level revealed by the test is evaluated together with the patient’s overall health status, current complaints, and other laboratory results. If the lipase level is outside the normal range —whether high or low— it should be examined thoroughly.

High lipase levels usually indicate pancreatic problems. However, some liver diseases, intestinal obstruction, gallbladder issues, or certain medications may also cause elevated results. On the other hand, low lipase levels are generally seen when the pancreas is underactive and not producing enough enzymes.

The most important point here is that the lipase test alone is not sufficient for a definitive diagnosis. A high or low lipase value does not clearly identify the underlying disease. Therefore, the test result should always be interpreted by an internal medicine specialist or a gastroenterologist. Additional tests may be required if necessary.

Moreover, your doctor may request follow-up tests to monitor how the lipase level changes over time. This helps determine whether the condition is temporary or chronic.

In summary, lipase test results should always be evaluated in conjunction with the patient’s overall health. Interpreting them in isolation may lead to unnecessary anxiety or misdirection.

Lipase is not only essential for fat digestion but also contributes to immune function, the maintenance of cellular structures, and energy production. It is one of the enzymes that must function properly in the body. If lipase levels are outside the normal range, it is crucial to investigate whether there is an underlying condition. Therefore, keeping lipase enzyme levels under control is highly important for overall health.