How to Prepare for Surgery?

Surgery is a surgical procedure performed on the body for the purpose of treating or diagnosing a disease. Although surgical technology and medical care have advanced, any surgical procedure always carries certain risks. Preoperative preparation is of critical importance to minimize these risks and ensure a successful surgery.

In this comprehensive guide, we will discuss the preoperative preparation process step by step. From nutrition and medication adjustments to psychological preparation, you will find all the important points to pay attention to before surgery.

The most important step in the preoperative preparation process is having a detailed consultation with your doctor. During this meeting, you should learn in detail why the surgery is necessary, how it will be performed, the potential risks and complications, the postoperative expectations, and the recovery process.

You should inform your doctor about your current health condition, the medications you use, your allergies, and any previous surgeries you have had. In addition, do not hesitate to share all your concerns and questions about the surgery with your doctor.

Your doctor may request certain tests to evaluate your general health condition before surgery and determine whether you are suitable for the procedure. These tests may include:

• Blood tests: Blood count, coagulation tests, liver and kidney function tests provide information about your overall health status.
• Urinalysis: May be performed to detect urinary tract infections or other kidney problems.
• Electrocardiogram (ECG): Performed to evaluate heart rhythm and functions.
• Chest X-ray: Conducted to assess the condition of the lungs.
• Other imaging tests: Depending on the surgical area, imaging tests such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or ultrasound may be required.

It is important to inform your doctor about all the medications you are taking. Some drugs may increase the risk of bleeding during or after surgery or interact with anesthesia. Your doctor may ask you to stop taking certain medications or adjust their dosage before surgery.

• Blood-thinning medications such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen: These are usually discontinued about a week before surgery.
• Herbal supplements and vitamins: Some herbal supplements and vitamins can also increase the risk of bleeding. Do not use any herbal supplements or vitamins without consulting your doctor.
• Diabetes medications: The dosage of diabetes medications may need to be adjusted before and after surgery.

Smoking increases the risk of complications during and after surgery. It impairs lung function, delays wound healing, and raises the risk of infection. It is recommended to quit smoking at least a few weeks before surgery.

Alcohol can also cause problems during and after surgery. It may interact with anesthesia, increase bleeding risk, and delay wound healing. It is advised to limit or completely stop alcohol consumption before surgery.

Your preoperative diet is important for a successful surgery and recovery process. Your doctor will ask you to fast for a specific period before the operation. Generally, you should avoid solid foods 8–12 hours before surgery and stop fluid intake 2–4 hours prior.

In the days leading up to surgery, make sure to eat a healthy and balanced diet. Consume plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein sources.

To reduce the risk of infection in the surgical area, you may need to shower and clean the surgical site with antiseptic soap the day before surgery. Your doctor will provide specific instructions on how to properly clean the surgical area.

Undergoing surgery can be a stressful experience for many people. To reduce your anxiety and fears before surgery, you can:

• Learn about the surgery: Understanding how the surgery will be performed, along with its risks and possible complications, can help ease your anxiety.
• Talk to your doctor: Share all your concerns and questions about the surgery with your doctor.
• Practice relaxation techniques: Relaxation methods such as yoga, meditation, and deep breathing can help reduce stress.
• Seek support from family and friends: Receiving support from your loved ones before and after surgery can help you maintain a positive mindset.

Wear comfortable and loose-fitting clothes when going to the hospital on the day of your surgery. Remove accessories such as jewelry, makeup, and nail polish. Carefully follow your doctor’s instructions and bring all necessary documents with you (ID, insurance card, medication list, etc.).

The recovery process after surgery varies depending on the type and extent of the procedure. Your doctor will provide detailed information regarding postoperative care, medication use, nutrition, and activity restrictions.

It is normal to experience pain, swelling, bruising, and discomfort after surgery. You can use the painkillers recommended by your doctor and make sure to rest adequately.

Preoperative preparation is of critical importance for a successful surgery and a fast, smooth recovery. By following the steps outlined in this guide, you can manage the preoperative preparation process effectively and restore your health after surgery.

Remember: If you have any questions or concerns, do not hesitate to contact your doctor.