Spleen Surgery (Splenectomy)

Spleen surgery, medically known as splenectomy, refers to the surgical removal of the spleen. The spleen plays a critical role in the body’s immune system, performing vital functions such as producing blood cells and filtering old or damaged blood cells. However, in certain cases, surgical removal of the spleen may be necessary. This article provides comprehensive information about spleen surgery, addressing the reasons for the operation, potential risks, the recovery process, and important considerations for life after surgery.

Spleen surgery may be necessary due to various medical conditions. The most common reasons for this operation are as follows:

The spleen can rupture or be severely damaged after trauma. In this case, emergency surgical intervention may be required due to the risk of internal bleeding.

The spleen can become abnormally enlarged due to certain diseases. This condition may lead to excessive blood accumulation in the spleen, preventing it from performing its normal functions.

Certain inherited blood disorders, such as sickle cell anemia and thalassemia, may require the removal of the spleen. In these diseases, the spleen may destroy healthy red blood cells as well.

This immune system disorder causes the abnormal destruction of platelets (blood cells) in the spleen. As this condition increases the risk of bleeding, a splenectomy may be required.

Before a splenectomy, the patient's overall health should be assessed, and preparations for the surgery must be made. The preoperative preparations generally include the following steps:

• Medical History and Physical Examination: The surgeon evaluates the patient's medical history and current health condition. This assessment is crucial for determining the risks associated with the surgery.
• Blood Tests and Imaging: Blood tests and imaging (such as ultrasound or CT scans) are used to examine the condition of the spleen.
• Blood Transfusion Preparation: Since there is a risk of bleeding during splenectomy, preparations are made to ensure that blood transfusions can be performed if necessary.
• Preoperative Counseling: The patient is provided with information about the surgical process, risks, and recovery process.

Splenectomy is performed under general anesthesia and can be done using two main methods:

In this method, the surgeon makes a large incision in the abdomen to access the spleen and removes it. This method is preferred when the spleen is severely damaged.

This minimally invasive method is performed using smaller incisions. A camera inserted into the abdomen helps the surgeon to remove the spleen. This method allows for faster recovery and carries a lower risk of complications.

• Vaccines: Specific vaccines, such as pneumococcal, meningococcal, and Hib vaccines, may be necessary to reduce the risk of infection.
• Watch for Infection Symptoms: Pay attention to symptoms of infection, such as fever, chills, or rapid breathing. If these symptoms occur, seek medical attention immediately.
• Regular Check-ups: Post-surgery, regular doctor visits are crucial for monitoring your health and detecting any potential complications early.

It is possible to live without a spleen, but certain precautions may be necessary. After the spleen is removed, the immune system can become more susceptible to infections. Therefore, patients are advised to receive specific vaccinations and remain vigilant against infection risks. Additionally, it is important to follow your doctor's recommendations and undergo regular health check-ups.