Knee Replacement Surgery

Knee replacement surgery is a surgical procedure performed to relieve pain and restore mobility caused by severe damage in the knee joint (usually advanced osteoarthritis). This surgery involves removing the damaged cartilage and bone tissue and replacing them with an artificial joint (prosthesis). Knee replacement aims to help patients return to a pain-free and more mobile life. The surgery is generally performed on patients who have not benefited from conservative treatments (medication, physical therapy, etc.) and whose quality of life is significantly impaired.

Knee replacement surgeries can vary depending on the extent and location of the damage. Here are the most common types of knee replacement surgery:

Total Knee Replacement (Total Knee Arthroplasty)

• The most common type of surgery in which all surfaces of the knee joint (femur, tibia, and patella) are replaced with artificial prostheses.
• Preferred for advanced osteoarthritis or widespread joint damage such as rheumatoid arthritis.
• The goal is to completely reconstruct the knee joint to relieve pain and improve mobility.

Partial (Unicondylar) Knee Replacement

• Surgery in which only one part of the knee joint (usually the inner or outer side) is replaced with prostheses.
• Can be performed if osteoarthritis is limited to one side of the knee.
• Provides a smaller surgical incision and faster recovery.
• May better preserve the natural structure of the knee.

Patellofemoral Knee Replacement

• Surgery in which the joint surface between the patella and the femur is replaced.
• Applied only if osteoarthritis or damage is limited to this area.
• Preferred if the other parts of the knee are healthy.

Knee prosthesis revision surgery is the procedure of replacing a previously implanted knee prosthesis for various reasons. This surgery can be more complex and take longer than the initial knee replacement surgery.

• Prosthesis Loosening: Loosening may occur at the point where the prosthesis is attached to the bone.
• Infection: Infection can develop in the prosthesis area.
• Prosthesis Wear: Parts of the prosthesis may wear out or break over time.
• Knee Instability: Improper functioning of the prosthesis or imbalance of the knee.
• Fractures: Fractures may occur in the bones surrounding the prosthesis.
• Misalignment: Incorrect placement of the prosthesis during the initial surgery.

Knee replacement surgery is performed to replace damaged cartilage and bone tissue in the knee joint with an artificial joint (prosthesis).

It is generally performed in the following situations:

Severe Knee Osteoarthritis

• Knee osteoarthritis occurs due to the gradual wearing of cartilage tissue.
• In advanced stages, it causes severe pain, limited mobility, and deformity in the knee.
• When other treatment methods (medication, physical therapy, injections) are insufficient, knee replacement surgery may be considered.

Rheumatoid Arthritis

• Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease causing inflammation in the joints.
• It can lead to damage and pain in the knee joint.
• When medication and other treatments are inadequate, knee replacement surgery may be necessary.

Post-Traumatic Arthritis

• Trauma to the knee joint (fractures, ligament injuries) can lead to arthritis over time.
• Post-traumatic arthritis may result in severe pain and functional loss.
• In such cases, knee replacement surgery can be a treatment option.

Other Reasons

• Bone necrosis (death of bone tissue)
• Tumors affecting the knee joint
• Congenital (birth) knee abnormalities

Knee replacement surgery is a surgical procedure in which the damaged knee joint is replaced with an artificial joint (prosthesis).

The surgery is generally performed in the following steps:

Anesthesia:

• The surgery is usually performed under general anesthesia or spinal anesthesia (numbing from the waist down).
• The type of anesthesia is determined based on the patient’s overall health and the surgeon’s preference.

Surgical Incision:

• The surgeon makes an incision of approximately 15–25 cm on the front of the knee.
• The location of the incision may vary depending on the condition of the knee and the surgeon’s preference.

Removal of Damaged Tissue:

• The knee joint is opened, and damaged cartilage and bone tissue are removed.
• The ends of the femur and tibia are prepared with special instruments to fit the prosthesis.

Prosthesis Placement:

• Metal or plastic prosthetic components are placed on the prepared bone surfaces.
• The prosthetic components can be fixed with bone cement or screws.
• If the patella (kneecap) is damaged, a prosthesis can also be placed in its position.

Joint Testing and Closure:

• After placing the prosthesis, the knee joint is moved to ensure proper positioning and function.
• Necessary adjustments are made, and the joint is washed and cleaned.
• The incision is closed with sutures, and a sterile bandage is applied.
• Drains may be placed in the surgical area to prevent fluid accumulation.

Surgery Duration:

• Knee replacement surgery usually lasts 1–2 hours, but in some cases, it may take longer.

Types of Prostheses:

• Knee prostheses can vary depending on the size and location of the damage (total knee replacement, partial knee replacement, etc.).
• The surgeon determines the most suitable type of prosthesis for the patient’s condition.

The post-operative period following knee replacement surgery is an important part of the recovery process and includes several points that patients should pay attention to. The goal during this period is to prevent complications, reduce pain, and help the patient return to normal life as soon as possible.

First Days After Surgery:

• Pain Management:
  • Pain after surgery is normal. Painkillers prescribed by the doctor should be taken regularly.
  • Applying ice can help reduce pain and swelling.
• Mobility:
  • Exercises begin in bed immediately after surgery and gradually while standing.
  • Physical therapy starts during this period.
  • Walking begins with the aid of a walker or crutches.
• Wound Care:
  • Keeping the surgical area clean and dry reduces the risk of infection.
  • Wound care should be performed as recommended by the doctor.
  • If drains are present, they are removed according to the doctor’s instructions.

Points to Consider During Recovery:

• Physical Therapy:
  • Postoperative physical therapy is an important part of recovery.
  • The physiotherapist provides exercises to increase knee mobility and strength.
  • Exercises should also be continued at home under the guidance of the doctor and physiotherapist.
• Medications:
  • Medications prescribed by the doctor should be taken regularly.
• Doctor Check-ups:
  • Regular follow-up appointments determined by the doctor should be attended.
  • Sutures are removed at the time deemed appropriate by the doctor.
• Daily Activities:
  • Return to daily activities gradually.
  • Avoid strenuous activities.
• Nutrition:
  • Attention should be paid to maintaining a healthy diet.

Possible Complications and Precautions:

• Infection:
  • If signs of infection such as redness, swelling, fever, or discharge occur at the surgical site, contact the doctor.
• Bleeding:
  • Sudden and excessive swelling or pain may indicate bleeding, and in such cases, the doctor should be contacted immediately.
• Blood Clots:
  • Swelling, pain, and redness in the legs may indicate clot formation.
• Prosthesis Problems:
  • Although very rare, complications such as loosening or dislocation of the prosthesis may occur.

Nutrition after knee replacement surgery is important to support the recovery process and maintain overall health. Consuming the nutrients your body needs after surgery plays a critical role in tissue repair, muscle strength, and bone health.

Important Points in Nutrition After Knee Replacement Surgery:

Protein Intake

• Protein is essential for tissue repair, muscle recovery, and bone health.
• Consuming sufficient protein accelerates the healing process.
• Protein sources:
  • Lean meats such as chicken, fish, and red meat
  • Eggs
  • Dairy products (yogurt, cheese)
  • Soy products
  • Legumes like beans, chickpeas, lentils
  • Nuts

Importance of Vitamins and Minerals

• Vitamins and minerals are important for bone health, supporting the immune system, and overall recovery.
• Important vitamins and minerals:
  • Vitamin C: Necessary for collagen production and aids wound healing.
  • Vitamin D: Increases calcium absorption and supports bone health.
  • Calcium: Important for bone tissue.
  • Vitamin E: May accelerate healing with its antioxidant effect.
• Sources of vitamins and minerals:
  • Fruits and vegetables (especially citrus fruits, strawberries, kiwi, carrots, spinach)
  • Milk and dairy products
  • Fish oil
  • Nuts

Pay Attention to Fluid Intake

• Drinking enough water is important.
• Water provides the fluids needed during recovery and reduces the risk of infection.
• Aim to drink at least 8–10 glasses of water per day after surgery.

Consume Fiber-Rich Foods

• Fiber-rich foods regulate the digestive system and prevent constipation.
• Constipation can be problematic during the post-operative period, so consuming fiber-rich foods is important.
• Sources of fiber:
  • Whole grains (oats, whole wheat bread)
  • Vegetables (broccoli, carrots)
  • Fruits (apples, pears)
  • Legumes

Some complaints may occur after knee replacement surgery. These complaints can appear in the early postoperative period or may develop in the long term.

Common complaints after knee replacement surgery:

Early Period Complaints:

• Pain: Pain after surgery is one of the most common complaints. It is managed with painkillers and decreases over time.
• Swelling: Swelling in and around the knee is normal. Cold application and elevation (keeping the knee elevated) help reduce swelling.
• Bruising: Bruising may occur around the surgical site and disappears over time.
• Limited Mobility: Temporary restriction in knee movement may occur. This issue is resolved with physical therapy and exercises.
• Discharge from the Surgical Site: Slight discharge from the surgical site is normal. It is not a sign of infection but should be monitored.

Late Period Complaints:

• Infection: Infection may develop in the prosthetic area. This is serious and requires treatment.
• Prosthesis Loosening: The prosthesis may detach from the bone over time, causing pain and limited mobility.
• Prosthesis Wear: Prosthetic material may wear over time and may need to be replaced.
• Knee Stability Issues: Postoperative imbalance or instability in the knee may occur.
• Joint Stiffness: Especially if postoperative exercises are not performed regularly.
• Numbness at the Surgical Site: Numbness may be experienced in the area of the surgical site.

As with any surgical procedure, knee replacement surgery carries certain risks. These risks may vary depending on the type of surgery, the patient’s overall health, and the surgeon’s experience. Here are the possible risks of knee replacement surgery:

General Surgical Risks:

• Infection: Infection may develop at the surgical site or in the prosthesis.
• Bleeding (hematoma): Excessive blood accumulation at the surgical site.
• Blood Clots: Blood clots may form in the legs or lungs (deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism).
• Anesthesia Complications: Allergic reactions or respiratory problems related to anesthesia.
• Wound Healing Problems: Slow healing or wound reopening at the incision site.
• Nerve or Vascular Damage: Nerves or blood vessels may be damaged during surgery.

Risks Specific to Knee Replacement Surgery:

• Prosthesis Loosening: The prosthesis may detach from the bone over time.
• Prosthesis Wear: Prosthetic components may wear out over time and may need replacement.
• Knee Stiffness or Limited Motion: Inability to fully bend or straighten the knee after surgery.
• Prosthesis Dislocation: Rarely, prosthetic components may dislocate.
• Surgical Scar: Permanent scarring at the incision site.
• Knee Stability Issues: Postoperative imbalance or instability in the knee.

The benefits of knee replacement surgery are especially significant for individuals with limited joint mobility and severe pain due to various problems. This surgical method can substantially improve a person’s quality of life.

The main benefits of knee replacement surgery are as follows:

• Pain Relief: One of the most important benefits of knee replacement surgery is controlling severe pain in the knee joint. In conditions such as osteoarthritis, pain caused by worn cartilage and bone tissue is eliminated by placing the prosthesis.
• Improved Mobility: With postoperative physiotherapy, patients can regain joint movement and more comfortably bend, extend, and rotate their knees.More Active Lifestyle: Reduced pain and increased mobility allow patients to lead a more
• active life, making daily tasks, walking, climbing stairs, and some sports activities easier.
• Enhanced Quality of Life: Pain-free living and increased mobility positively affect mood, social relationships, and overall quality of life.
• Long-Lasting Solution: Modern knee prostheses are made from durable materials and, with proper care, can last for many years, providing a permanent solution.

It is important to remember that knee replacement surgery may not always be an option, and the decision for surgery should be made after a detailed evaluation between the doctor and the patient.

1.Knee Prosthesis Surgery
Knee prosthesis surgery is a surgical procedure in which a damaged knee joint is replaced with an artificial joint (prosthesis). This surgery is generally applied to patients experiencing pain and limited mobility due to severe osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or joint damage caused by trauma.

2.Knee Replacement Surgery Costs
The cost of knee replacement surgery can vary depending on several factors:

• Type and brand of the prosthesis used
• Length of hospital stay
• Complexity of the surgery
• Patient’s overall health and additional medical conditions

For the most up-to-date and detailed information, please contact A Life Health Group. We are happy to provide detailed information about personalized pricing and treatment options.

3.Robotic Knee Replacement Surgery Costs
For detailed and up-to-date information on robotic knee replacement surgery costs, please contact A Life Health Group. We will provide detailed information about personalized pricing and treatment options.

4.How Long Does Knee Replacement Surgery Take?
The duration of knee replacement surgery can vary depending on several factors. Generally, the surgery lasts between 1 to 2 hours, but in some cases, it may be shorter or longer.

5.Postoperative Knee Stiffness
Muscle stiffness after knee replacement surgery is a common condition during the recovery process. These stiffnesses occur as the tissues in the knee heal and the muscles try to readjust after surgery.

6.Severe Pain After Knee Replacement Surgery
Severe pain after knee replacement surgery is an important issue during the recovery period. While some pain is normal, intense pain can negatively affect healing and significantly reduce patient comfort.

7.Climbing Stairs After Knee Replacement Surgery
Climbing stairs is an important part of the recovery process after knee replacement surgery. However, it is essential to return to this activity gradually and carefully.

Guidelines for Climbing Stairs Post-Surgery:

Initial Days and Weeks:

• First Stage: Immediately after surgery, your knee will still be weak and sensitive. Therefore, it is important to avoid or minimize stair climbing during the first few days or weeks. Your doctor or physiotherapist will provide specific instructions.
• Using Support: In the early postoperative period, always use support while climbing stairs. Your doctor or physiotherapist may recommend supportive devices such as crutches or a walker. Always hold onto handrails when available.
• Gradual Progress: As your recovery progresses, start climbing stairs slowly. Initially, try only a few steps and stop if you feel pain or discomfort. Gradually increase the number and frequency of steps.
• Correct Technique: Step up with your non-operated leg first, and step down with your operated leg first. Always use handrails and move slowly.

8.Toilet Use After Knee Replacement Surgery
After knee replacement surgery, toilet use requires attention to ensure the knee is kept in the correct position and not overly strained. Some modifications in habits may be needed during the recovery period.

9.Postoperative Care After Knee Replacement Surgery

Initial Days in Hospital:

• Pain Management: Postoperative pain is normal. Take painkillers prescribed by your doctor regularly. Ice application may help reduce swelling and pain.
• Early Mobility: Begin exercises in bed and gradually stand under the guidance of your doctor and physiotherapist. This improves blood circulation and prevents blood clots. Initial walking in the hospital will be with a walker or crutches.
• Wound Care: Keep the surgical area clean and dry to reduce infection risk. Follow your doctor’s instructions for wound care.

Home Recovery and Healing Process:

• Physical Therapy: Postoperative physical therapy is a critical part of recovery. Your physiotherapist will teach exercises to improve knee mobility and strength. Perform exercises regularly.
• Medications: Take all prescribed medications as directed by your doctor.
• Doctor Visits: Attend all follow-up appointments scheduled by your doctor.
• Daily Activities: Gradually resume daily activities, avoiding strenuous exertion.
• Nutrition: Maintain a balanced and healthy diet to support recovery. Protein-rich nutrition will accelerate tissue repair.