TESE Surgery

TESE surgery, medically known as Testicular Sperm Extraction, is a procedure to obtain sperm from the testicular tissue of men who have no sperm in their semen (azoospermia) through a surgical method. This procedure requires a delicate surgical intervention performed under a microscope. The sperm obtained through TESE surgery can be used to fertilize the partner’s eggs via in vitro fertilization (ICSI).

In micro TESE surgery, a small incision is made on the testes, and the testicular tissue is examined under a microscope. The use of a microscope allows surgeons to better identify areas of sperm production and obtain tissue samples from these regions. The collected tissue samples are then examined in the laboratory for the presence of sperm.

• Higher sperm retrieval rate: The use of a microscope increases the likelihood of finding sperm.
• Less tissue damage: Since sperm-producing areas are specifically targeted under the microscope, damage to the testes is minimized.
• Faster recovery: Smaller incisions lead to a quicker healing process.

• The procedure is performed under general anesthesia.
• A small incision is made on the testes.
• Testicular tissue is examined under a microscope to identify sperm-producing regions.
• Tissue samples are collected from these regions.
• The collected tissue samples are examined in the laboratory to search for sperm.

TESE surgery can be performed on men in the following situations:

• Azoospermia: A condition where no sperm cells are found in the semen, representing a significant cause of male infertility.
• Non-obstructive azoospermia: A condition where there is a problem with sperm production, resulting in the absence of sperm in the semen. In this case, sperm retrieval is attempted directly from the testes via TESE surgery.
• Obstructive azoospermia: A condition caused by a blockage in the sperm ducts that prevents sperm from appearing in the semen. Microsurgical techniques may be used to remove the obstruction; if this is unsuccessful or sperm production is inadequate, TESE surgery may be considered.

Before TESE surgery, a comprehensive evaluation is conducted to determine the cause of infertility. This includes a physical examination, hormonal testing, genetic testing, and semen analysis.

Before TESE surgery, the patient must undergo a thorough evaluation. This assessment includes the following steps:

• Genetic Tests: Performed to diagnose genetic disorders that may cause azoospermia, such as Klinefelter syndrome or Y-chromosome microdeletions.
• Hormonal Evaluation: Levels of hormones such as FSH, LH, and testosterone are measured to assess testicular function.
• Physical Examination: The size, shape, and position of the testes are evaluated. Conditions that may affect the testes, such as varicocele, are also investigated.

TESE surgery can be performed using two different techniques:

• Conventional TESE: Several small incisions are made in the testis, and tissue samples are collected. These samples are examined under a microscope to search for sperm.
• Micro TESE: A more precise technique performed using an operating microscope. Sperm-producing regions are identified under magnification, and tissue samples are taken from these areas. This method has a higher sperm retrieval rate compared to conventional TESE.

Both techniques are performed under general anesthesia, and the surgery typically lasts between 1 to 2 hours.

Recovery Process:

• After the surgery, pain, swelling, and bruising in the testicles may occur. These symptoms usually subside within a few days.
• Your doctor may prescribe pain relievers and antibiotics.
• Avoid heavy lifting and strenuous physical activities for several days after the surgery.
• Your doctor will inform you when it is safe to resume sexual activity.

Possible Complications:
TESE surgery is generally a safe procedure, but some complications may occur. These include bleeding, infection, hematoma (blood accumulation), and testicular injury.

Sperm Retrieval Rate:
The success rate of sperm retrieval during TESE surgery varies depending on several factors, including the patient’s age, cause of infertility, and testicular function. On average, the sperm retrieval rate with the micro-TESE technique is around 50–60%.

Pregnancy Success Rate:
When sperm obtained through TESE are used in in vitro fertilization (ICSI), pregnancy success rates are comparable to those achieved with standard IVF procedures.

The sperm retrieved through TESE surgery is most commonly used to fertilize the partner’s eggs via in vitro fertilization (ICSI). ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection) is an IVF technique in which a single sperm cell is injected directly into an egg using a microinjection method. This technique increases the chances of pregnancy in cases of low sperm count or poor sperm motility.

The sperm obtained through TESE can also be preserved through sperm freezing, ensuring availability for future IVF treatments.

Although TESE surgery is generally safe, like any surgical procedure, it carries certain risks:

• Bleeding: Bleeding may occur during or after the surgery.
• Infection: Infection can develop at the surgical site or in the testes.
• Hematoma: Accumulation of blood in the testes may occur.
• Pain: Some pain in the testes may be felt for several days post-surgery.
• Reduced sperm production: Rarely, sperm production may decrease after the surgery.

These risks are generally low and are further minimized when the procedure is performed by an experienced surgeon. During the preoperative consultation, your doctor will provide detailed information about the potential risks of the surgery.

The cost of TESE surgery varies depending on the type of procedure (classic TESE or micro TESE), hospital policies, and other factors. At A Life Health Group, we offer TESE surgery packages tailored to different needs and budgets.

A Life Health Group has a team of experienced urology specialists specialized in micro TESE surgery. We provide services using the latest technologies and methods. For detailed information and appointments, you can contact us directly.

A Life Health Group has a team of experienced urology specialists dedicated to TESE surgery. We offer personalized treatment plans using the latest technology and methods, and provide comprehensive support and follow-up before and after the surgery.

Advantages of A LifeHealth Group:

• Experienced urology specialists: Our expert urologists determine the most suitable treatment method and assist you on your journey to fatherhood.
• Latest technology and methods: We utilize the most advanced techniques in TESE surgeries, including micro TESE.
• Personalized treatment plans: Each patient’s needs are unique, and we create individualized treatment plans accordingly.
• Comprehensive support and follow-up: We provide thorough support and monitoring before and after the surgery.
• Comfortable and safe environment: All procedures are performed in a modern and comfortable setting, prioritizing patient safety and comfort.

1.Is TESE surgery painful?
Since the surgery is performed under general anesthesia, you will not feel pain during the procedure. After the surgery, there may be mild pain in the testicles for a few days, but this pain can be controlled with painkillers.

2.When will I recover after TESE surgery?
The recovery process varies from person to person, but most patients can return to their normal activities within a few days.

3.What are my chances of finding sperm with TESE surgery?
This depends on many factors (such as your age and the cause of infertility). Your doctor can provide more information on this.

4.What are my chances of conceiving after TESE surgery?
When the sperm obtained from TESE surgery is used with the IVF method, pregnancy success rates are similar to standard IVF procedures.

5.How long after TESE surgery can I have sexual intercourse?
Your doctor will provide information on this. Generally, waiting a few weeks is recommended.

6.Can TESE surgery be repeated?
Yes, TESE surgery can be repeated if necessary.

7.If No Sperm is Found in Micro TESE Surgery
Although it is disappointing if no sperm is found in Micro TESE surgery, it is too early to lose hope. This situation can be an obstacle in the journey to parenthood for couples, and alternative solutions are available.

8.Reasons for No Sperm in Micro TESE Surgery:

• No sperm production: In some men, sperm may not be produced at all or may be very limited due to genetic factors, hormonal disorders, or testicular damage.
• No sperm in testicular tissue: Even if sperm is produced, sperm may not be found in the testicular tissue during Micro TESE surgery. This may be due to immature sperm cells or irregular distribution in the testicular tissue.

9.What Can Be Done if No Sperm is Found in Micro TESE Surgery?

• Repeat Micro TESE: Even if sperm was not found in the first surgery, there may be a chance of obtaining sperm with a second Micro TESE surgery. Especially if time has passed since the first surgery and hormonal treatment has been applied, the chance of finding sperm in the second surgery may increase.
• TESE Surgery: TESE surgery, which is a more invasive method than Micro TESE, allows a larger sample of testicular tissue to be taken and increases the chance of finding sperm.

At A Life Health Group, we have a team of experienced urology specialists specialized in Micro TESE surgery and male infertility treatment.

If no sperm is found in Micro TESE surgery, we discuss alternative treatment options with our patients in detail and support them in finding the most suitable solution.

Remember, there is a solution for every situation, and do not lose hope.

10.What should I pay attention to after TESE surgery?
Follow your doctor's recommendations, avoid heavy lifting, keep your wound clean, and do not skip your follow-up appointments.

At A Life Health Group, we have a team specialized in TESE surgery and male infertility treatment. You can contact us for your health and your dreams of becoming a father.