General Surgery

General Surgery is a fundamental medical specialty that covers a wide anatomical area of the human body, focusing on diagnosis and treatment. It involves surgical methods, including operations and other therapeutic approaches, to help patients regain their health. In particular, surgical intervention plays a critical role in the health of patients in certain conditions.

Gastrointestinal System Surgery
Endocrine Surgery
Breast Surgery
Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) Surgery
Colorectal Surgery (Proctology)
Obesity Surgery (Bariatric Surgery)
Trauma Surgery
Organ Transplant Surgery
General surgery is a medical field that provides services covering a wide range of body systems.

The comprehensive practice areas of the general surgery department and the main diseases it addresses are as follows:

• Diseases of the Esophagus: Reflux, achalasia, esophageal cancer.
• Stomach Diseases: Ulcer, gastritis, stomach cancer, stomach polyps.
• Small Intestine Diseases: Crohn's disease, tumors, obstructions.
• Large Intestine (Colon) and Rectum Diseases: Ulcerative colitis, diverticulitis, colon and rectal cancers, polyps.
• Anal Region Diseases: Hemorrhoids, anal fissure, perianal abscesses and fistulas, fecal incontinence, anal and perianal warts.
• Liver Diseases: Liver cysts, tumors, liver abscess.
• Gallbladder and Biliary Tract Diseases: Gallstones, cholecystitis (gallbladder inflammation), biliary strictures and tumors.
• Pancreatic Diseases: Pancreatitis (pancreas inflammation), pancreatic cysts and tumors.
• Appendicitis: Inflammation of the appendix.
• Hernias: Inguinal hernia, umbilical hernia, abdominal wall hernias (ventral hernia), incisional hernias.

• Thyroid Gland Diseases: Goiter, thyroid nodules (benign and cancerous), hyperthyroidism (toxic goiter), hypothyroidism.
• Parathyroid Gland Diseases: Hyperparathyroidism, parathyroid adenomas and cancers.
• Adrenal Gland Diseases: Adrenal gland tumors (adenoma, pheochromocytoma, carcinoma).
• Endocrine Tumors of the Pancreas: (Insulinoma, gastrinoma, etc.).

• Breast Tumors: Breast cancer, benign breast tumors (such as fibroadenoma), breast cysts.
• Mastitis (breast inflammation).

Bariatric surgery methods for the treatment of morbid obesity: (sleeve gastrectomy, gastric bypass, etc.).

• Blunt and penetrating abdominal injuries
• Thoracic (chest) injuries
• Vascular (blood vessel) injuries

• Pilonidal sinus (ingrown hair).
• Wound healing disorders.
• Conditions requiring shock management and resuscitation (in collaboration with intensive care).
• Monitoring and treatment of neoplasms (new tumor formations).

In the general surgery department, various procedures are performed for the diagnosis and treatment of the diseases mentioned above. These procedures can be applied across a wide range, from minimally invasive methods to open surgery, according to the technological capabilities of the department.

Some of the main procedures performed include:

• Lumpectomy (removal of tumor in the breast).
• Mastectomy (removal of the entire breast) (simple, modified radical, radical).
• Sentinel lymph node biopsy.
• Axillary dissection (removal of lymph nodes in the armpit).
• Breast reconstruction (with prosthesis or tissue flaps).

• Thyroidectomy (removal of the thyroid gland) (total, subtotal, hemithyroidectomy).
• Parathyroidectomy (removal of the parathyroid glands).
• Adrenalectomy (removal of the adrenal gland) (open and laparoscopic surgery).
• Resection of pancreatic endocrine tumors.

• Sleeve gastrectomy.
• Gastric bypass (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass).
• Mini gastric bypass.
• Gastric band (now less commonly performed).

• Control of intra-abdominal bleeding and repair of organ injuries.
• Surgical treatment of thoracic injuries.
• Repair of vascular injuries (arterial ligation, bypass, etc.).

• Appendectomy (appendix surgery)

• Cholecystectomy (gallbladder surgery) (open and laparoscopic surgery)

• Stomach and intestinal resections (partial or total removal) (open and laparoscopic surgery)

• Colostomy and ileostomy (externalization of the intestine to the abdominal wall)

• Hemorrhoidectomy (hemorrhoid surgery)

• Anal fissure and fistula treatments

• Hernia repairs (open and laparoscopic surgery)

• Liver resections and cystectomies

• Liver cancer surgery

• Pancreatic resections (e.g., Whipple procedure for pancreatic cancer)

• Esophageal surgeries

Excision of pilonidal sinus and various repair techniques.
Surgical debridement and other interventions for wound healing problems.
Laparoscopic surgery (minimally invasive techniques) can be applied to various organs.
Endoscopic procedures (gastroscopy, colonoscopy, ERCP) may be used for diagnostic and certain therapeutic purposes.

Our general surgery department provides services with a patient-centered and multidisciplinary approach. In addition to the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, advanced diagnostic and therapeutic methods are applied across all areas of specialization.

Common anorectal (anal region) problems seen in the community are approached with accurate diagnosis and treatment at this center. It requires an experienced and specially trained team along with advanced technology and equipment. Our centers approach such issues with top-level facilities.

The latest techniques and personalized approaches are adopted in breast treatment, with methods aimed at patient comfort. In breast cancer treatment, the approach focuses on surgically removing only the tumor tissue while avoiding the complete removal of the breast whenever possible. This principle aims to preserve the natural appearance and integrity of the breast.

Surgical methods required for the treatment of diseases of the body's secretory glands are applied. Especially in parathyroid surgery, procedures that prevent voice loss and reduce the risk of bleeding are performed. Additionally, a special monitoring system is used during surgery to protect the nerves reaching the patient's vocal cords.

The treatment of benign and malignant diseases of the colon and rectum is carried out at this center. For patients whose diagnosis is evaluated with a multidisciplinary approach, advanced technologies used in leading centers worldwide are offered. Significant progress has been made in cancer surgery today, with many oncological operations performed using a minimally invasive method called laparoscopy.

Laparoscopic surgery is also successfully applied especially in bowel tumors that have metastasized.

These surgeries are generally performed using the minimally invasive (laparoscopic) method, resulting in a shorter recovery time. With the gastric band losing its effectiveness, the commonly applied and effective methods are sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass.

Diseases of the liver, pancreas, and bile ducts are treated within a specialized field. Before surgery, patients are reviewed by a multidisciplinary council consisting of physicians from various oncology specialties. During the evaluation process, all expert opinions regarding the condition of the disease are gathered to determine and implement the most appropriate treatment method for the patient. Gallbladder stones and the associated inflammations are especially treated in this center.

The concept of a specialist surgeon is diminishing in importance and is increasingly being replaced by subspecialties. Without the need to seek a general surgery specialist, high-quality diagnostic and treatment options in all subspecialties can be accessed directly. Surgical procedures and referrals to experts in the relevant field are made based on a multidisciplinary council decision, ensuring that the necessary treatment or surgery is applied.

In addition to the detailed topics mentioned above, some other diseases treated in general surgery practice and their applied treatments include:

• Lymphadenitis (inflammation of lymph nodes)

• Spleen diseases (splenomegaly, splenic rupture, etc.)

• Umbilical hernia (omphalocele)

• Fibroadenoma and other benign tumors of the breast

• Mastitis (breast infection)

• Rectal prolapse

• Surgical treatment of anorectal abscesses and fistulas

• Some rare intra-abdominal tumors (e.g., GIST)

• Castleman disease (certain types may require surgical intervention)

• Surgical intervention in congenital anomalies such as accessory liver or kidney

• Some complications arising from gallbladder stones

In the general surgery department, some specialized technological facilities and procedural methods used in diagnosis and treatment processes are as follows:

• High-resolution laparoscopic surgery systems

• Advanced endoscopic imaging and treatment units (ERCP, endoscopic ultrasound, etc.)

• Intraoperative nerve monitoring (in thyroid and parathyroid surgeries)

• Intraoperative ultrasonography (imaging during surgery)

• SILS (Single Incision Laparoscopic Surgery) (in suitable cases)

• TOETVA (Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach) (scarless thyroid surgery)

• Complex pancreatic surgery techniques such as Whipple procedure

• Doppler ultrasound (vascular assessment)

• Bone marrow biopsy (in collaboration with hematology)

• Laminectomy (in collaboration with neurosurgery in some cases)

• Special breast imaging and biopsy devices such as Mammoscope and Mastoscope

• Vascular surgical techniques such as artery ligation and bypass (in collaboration with vascular surgery)

• Ductoscopy (visualization of breast ducts)

Our general surgery department offers a comprehensive approach to the health of many vital organs and systems in your body. With our experienced physicians and advanced technological capabilities, we strive to provide our patients with the best diagnostic and treatment services. Your health is valuable to us.